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Bolivia and US Dilemmas in Engaging with Problematic Regimes in Latin Am...

I recently had the opportunity to engage with a senior Bolivian colleague connected with the government of Luis Arce regarding the country’s economic and political difficulties and its relationship with the United States. Their fundamental question

The Impact of the Political Orientation of Latin America, on the Advance...

Latin America is currently undergoing unprecedented political shifts. This phenomenon is characterized by the recent electoral victories of left-ofcenter candidates in Mexico in 2018; Argentina in 2019; Peru, Honduras, and Chile in 2021; and in

Secrecy and Solidarity: PRC Internal Security Partnerships with Socialis...

Publication: China Brief Volume: 24 Issue: 15, The Jamestown Foundation: Global Research & AnalysisThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in extensive security cooperation with other single-party socialist states. This includes deploying the

What’s Behind South Korea’s New Defectors’ Day Holiday?

The inaugural July commemoration is an inflection point and an opportunity for the Yoon government to advance both domestic and foreign policy priorities.On July 14, South Korea will commemorate its inaugural North Korean Defectors’ Day. The new

Landpower, Homeland Defense, and Defending Forward in US Indo-Pacific Co...

Homeland defense does not begin at the water’s edge, at least not on the east and west coasts of the United States. In the twenty-first–century geopolitical environment, the definition of homeland defense must now extend well beyond North American

PODCAST: Chinese Strategy and Statecraft: Coercion and Competition in th...

What are the objectives of China’s foreign and security policies under Xi Jinping?  What is the role of Australia and other middle powers in responding to Chinese actions in the Indo-Pacific?  Are the United States’ China policies set to change with

PODCAST: Paramilitaries Abroad: China’s Use of Nontraditional Security F...

Episode 107 of the Irregular Warfare Podcast examines how China uses its paramilitary and internal security forces to project power abroad and build global influence.Our guests begin by dissecting the Chinese security apparatus: contrasting the

Publications | May 29, 2024

Playing Both Sides of the U.S.-Chinese Rivalry

Why Countries Get External Security from Washington—and Internal Security from BeijingOn a visit to Budapest in late February, China’s minister of public security, Wang Xiaohong, secured a face-to-face meeting with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor
External Publications
  •  China–North Korea Arms Trade from the Perspective of Chinese Scholars

    China–North Korea Arms Trade from the Perspective of Chinese Scholars

    Jake Rinaldi || This article examines the historical context and evolving dynamics of China–North Korea arms trade and its future scenarios, shedding light on the motivations, methods, and implications of this strategic partnership. MAIN ARGUMENT An assessment of open-source materials authored by Chinese scholars and experts indicates that, despite international sanctions on weapon sales to North Korea, arms exports play a significant role in enhancing China’s geopolitical influence, countering the U.S., and securing a Chinese presence on the Korean Peninsula. Arms exports from China to North Korea are likely to shift from individual products to integrated systems, influenced by the adoption of systems thinking in both the Chinese and the North Korean defense sectors. Additionally, arms trade may evolve toward taking place within China’s expanding multilateral frameworks, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Initiative. China may also see a role for North Korea as an intermediary for arms sales to other sanctioned states, mirroring its historical role as an intermediary for North Korea. https://www.nbr.org/publication/china-north-korea-arms-trade-from-the-perspective-of-chinese-scholars/
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From the Archives
The Impact of the Political Orientation of Latin America, on the Advance of the People’s Republic of China in the Region
The Impact of the Political Orientation of Latin America, on the Advance of the People’s Republic of China in the Region | R. Evan Ellis
https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/JOTA/journals/Volume-6_Issue-2/23-Ellis_eng.pdf
Background image adapted from COVID map on Freepik (https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/coronavirus-map-concept_7533197.htm)
Aug. 27, 2024 - Latin America is currently undergoing unprecedented political shifts. This phenomenon is characterized by the recent electoral victories of left-ofcenter candidates in Mexico in 2018; Argentina in 2019; Peru, Honduras, and...

Secrecy and Solidarity: PRC Internal Security Partnerships with Socialist States
Jake Rinaldi, Publication: China Brief Volume: 24 Issue: 15, The Jamestown Foundation, Global Research & Analysis
 
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in extensive security cooperation with other single-party socialist states. This includes deploying the People’s Armed Police (PAP) to train paramilitary and police forces in these countries, offering cybersecurity support, and assisting with online information control.
Policymakers and academics in the PRC see their country as the leading single-party socialist state to its junior partners—Vietnam, Cuba, Laos, and North Korea—in a “Community of Common Destiny for Socialist Countries,” helping sustain these states’ regimes and thereby buttressing its own claims to legitimacy.
The PRC promotes the concept of the Community internally, but exercises caution by rarely mentioning it in its general external discourse to avoid international reputational costs. This is in contrast to other multilateral groupings that the PRC spearheads, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS.

Background photo of Dancers celebrate DPRK–China friendship at the Arirang Mass Games by Roman Harak, from Wikimedia (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_Korea_-_China_friendship_(5578914865).jpg)
Aug. 2, 2024 - Publication: China Brief Volume: 24 Issue: 15, The Jamestown Foundation: Global Research & AnalysisThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in extensive security cooperation with other single-party socialist states. This...

What’s Behind South Korea’s New Defectors’ Day Holiday?
What’s Behind South Korea’s New Defectors’ Day Holiday?
The inaugural July commemoration is an inflection point and an opportunity for the Yoon government to advance both domestic and foreign policy priorities.Sheena Chestnut Greitens
Published on July 8, 2024
July 10, 2024 - The inaugural July commemoration is an inflection point and an opportunity for the Yoon government to advance both domestic and foreign policy priorities.On July 14, South Korea will commemorate its inaugural North Korean...

Landpower, Homeland Defense, and Defending Forward in US Indo-Pacific Command
Landpower, Homeland Defense, and Defending Forward in US Indo-Pacific Command

Dr. Michael E. Lynch and MAJ Brennan Deveraux
For Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, Air University 
Background image of from Air University article 

(https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3821200/landpower-homeland-defense-and-defending-forward-in-us-indo-pacific-command/)
July 1, 2024 - Homeland defense does not begin at the water’s edge, at least not on the east and west coasts of the United States. In the twenty-first–century geopolitical environment, the definition of homeland defense must now extend well...

PODCAST: Chinese Strategy and Statecraft: Coercion and Competition in the Indo-Pacific
Chinese Strategy and Statecraft: Coercion and Competition in the Indo-Pacific•
Sheena Chestnut Greitens and Dan Blumenthal 
The National Security Podcast
 
In this episode, Sheena Chestnut Greitens and Dan Blumenthal join David Andrews to discuss the drivers of the China and the United States’ security policies, the role of China in the international order, middle powers, and deterrence.  
https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/chinese-strategy-and-statecraft

Composite images from Unsplash and Flickr (USA flag: https://unsplash.com/photos/flag-of-america-E4hWWoTTtxw, China flag: https://unsplash.com/photos/red-national-flag-jL0tMFYOdBM, Globe: https://www.flickr.com/photos/planetobserver/4770216767)
June 24, 2024 - What are the objectives of China’s foreign and security policies under Xi Jinping?  What is the role of Australia and other middle powers in responding to Chinese actions in the Indo-Pacific?  Are the United States’ China...

PODCAST: Paramilitaries Abroad: China’s Use of Nontraditional Security Forces
Paramilitaries Abroad: China’s Use of Nontraditional Security Forces
Sheena Chestnut Greitens and LTG Charles W. Hooper
The Irregular Warfare Podcast

Episode 107 of the Irregular Warfare Podcast examines how China uses its paramilitary and internal security forces to project power abroad and build global influence.
https://irregularwarfare.org/podcasts/paramilitaries-abroad-chinas-use-of-nontraditional-security-forces/

Image from https://irregularwarfare.org/podcasts/paramilitaries-abroad-chinas-use-of-nontraditional-security-forces/
June 24, 2024 - Episode 107 of the Irregular Warfare Podcast examines how China uses its paramilitary and internal security forces to project power abroad and build global influence.Our guests begin by dissecting the Chinese security...

Playing Both Sides of the U.S.-Chinese Rivalry
On a visit to Budapest in late February, China’s minister of public security, Wang Xiaohong, secured a face-to-face meeting with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban to establish a new bilateral security arrangement. China and Hungary agreed to cooperate on law enforcement, policing, and counterterrorism, putting security ties at the center of their relationship.
 
In many ways, it was a puzzling agreement, since Hungary is already a member of a security alliance—NATO—that protects it from armed attack. But Budapest’s pursuit of security relationships with both Beijing and Washington is a notable example of a global trend. 
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/playing-both-sides-us-chinese-rivalry
 
Composite images from Unsplash (USA Flag: https://unsplash.com/photos/flag-of-america-E4hWWoTTtxw, China flag: https://unsplash.com/photos/red-national-flag-jL0tMFYOdBM, Storm: https://unsplash.com/photos/black-and-white-clouds-during-daytime-qcpAMjzX4BI)
May 29, 2024 - Why Countries Get External Security from Washington—and Internal Security from BeijingOn a visit to Budapest in late February, China’s minister of public security, Wang Xiaohong, secured a face-to-face meeting with Hungarian...

Why North Korea Survives
Why North Korea Survives
Here’s how the Kim regime has proven so resilient.
Sheena Chestnut Greitens
Background image from Persuasion article (https://www.persuasion.community/p/a0ef3d8d-1bd2-438d-87fe-72653b385ad6 by KIM Won Jin/AFP)
Feb. 20, 2024 - Here’s how the Kim regime has proven so resilient.North Korea’s recent jettisoning of reunification with South Korea as a national goal has raised much speculation about Pyongyang’s goals and strategy. Relatively overlooked...

CMSI Note #4: Deck Cargo Ships: Another Option for a Cross-Strait Invasion
CMSI Perspectives and Key Take-Aways:
In addition to RO-RO ferries, the PLA also uses another class of RO-RO ship, the deck cargo ship, in sea transport training exercises.
Deck cargo ships are widely used in China’s ocean engineering and construction industry, constituting an existing and large-scale volume of lift capacity.
The simple design and relative ease of construction of deck cargo ships means they can quickly be built in large numbers.
These vessels may be tasked to bring in large columns of logistics and follow-on forces to consolidate landing areas, possibly in waves not far behind landing assault forces.
Deck cargo ships can distribute the risk for many units making transits and force an adversary to find suitable kill solutions to strike numerous lower value targets.
Publisher
China Maritime Studies Institute, U.S Naval War College

Keywords
China, PRC, China Maritime Studies Institute, CMSI, People’s Liberation Army, People’s Liberation Army Navy, PLAN, deck cargo ships, roll-on/roll-off

Recommended Citation
Kennedy, Conor M.,
Feb. 14, 2024 - CMSI Perspectives and Key Take-Aways: In addition to RO-RO ferries, the PLA also uses another class of RO-RO ship, the deck cargo ship, in sea transport training exercises. Deck cargo ships are widely used in China’s ocean...
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