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China’s Summit Diplomacy: Insights From BRICS, APEC and the G20

From late October through mid-November, China’s President Xi Jinping held high-profile engagements in three very different major international forums: the BRICS summit in Kazan, Russia; the APEC Leadership Forum in Lima, Peru; and the G-20 summit in

External Articles | Nov. 14, 2024

Opidata #8: The BRICS Summit, China, and the Emerging Illiberal Counter-...

The 2024 BRICS summit in Kazan solidified an anti-liberal «counter-order,» challenging the rules-based international system. With its expansion to 23 members, the bloc, financially led by China, seeks to evade global restrictions and advance its

Strategic Implication of the Chinese-Operated Port of Chancay

This article examines the Port of Chancay from a strategic perspective, with a focus on how COSCO (China Ocean Shipping Company) achieved unprecedented control over the operation of the new Peruvian megaport, the impact that the port is likely to

Re-Asserting the Value of the Individual for Latin America’s Security an...

Empowerment of the individual, not the state, is the key to innovation, prosperity, physical and political security for Latin America, as the region engages with an unprecedented array of challenges and new partners.


Bolivia and US Dilemmas in Engaging with Problematic Regimes in Latin Am...

I recently had the opportunity to engage with a senior Bolivian colleague connected with the government of Luis Arce regarding the country’s economic and political difficulties and its relationship with the United States. Their fundamental question

The Impact of the Political Orientation of Latin America, on the Advance...

Latin America is currently undergoing unprecedented political shifts. This phenomenon is characterized by the recent electoral victories of left-ofcenter candidates in Mexico in 2018; Argentina in 2019; Peru, Honduras, and Chile in 2021; and in

Secrecy and Solidarity: PRC Internal Security Partnerships with Socialis...

Publication: China Brief Volume: 24 Issue: 15, The Jamestown Foundation: Global Research & AnalysisThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in extensive security cooperation with other single-party socialist states. This includes deploying the

What’s Behind South Korea’s New Defectors’ Day Holiday?

The inaugural July commemoration is an inflection point and an opportunity for the Yoon government to advance both domestic and foreign policy priorities.On July 14, South Korea will commemorate its inaugural North Korean Defectors’ Day. The new
External Publications
  •  China–North Korea Arms Trade from the Perspective of Chinese Scholars

    China–North Korea Arms Trade from the Perspective of Chinese Scholars

    Jake Rinaldi || This article examines the historical context and evolving dynamics of China–North Korea arms trade and its future scenarios, shedding light on the motivations, methods, and implications of this strategic partnership. MAIN ARGUMENT An assessment of open-source materials authored by Chinese scholars and experts indicates that, despite international sanctions on weapon sales to North Korea, arms exports play a significant role in enhancing China’s geopolitical influence, countering the U.S., and securing a Chinese presence on the Korean Peninsula. Arms exports from China to North Korea are likely to shift from individual products to integrated systems, influenced by the adoption of systems thinking in both the Chinese and the North Korean defense sectors. Additionally, arms trade may evolve toward taking place within China’s expanding multilateral frameworks, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Initiative. China may also see a role for North Korea as an intermediary for arms sales to other sanctioned states, mirroring its historical role as an intermediary for North Korea. https://www.nbr.org/publication/china-north-korea-arms-trade-from-the-perspective-of-chinese-scholars/
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From the Archives
Strategic Implication of the Chinese-Operated Port of Chancay
Strategic Implication of the Chinese-Operated Port of Chancay | R. Evan Ellis for La Red China y América Latina

Background photo by @rjankovsky of Chancay Seaport, the future maritime hub of South America in Chancay Lima, Peru, sourced from Canva Pro
Nov. 7, 2024 - This article examines the Port of Chancay from a strategic perspective, with a focus on how COSCO (China Ocean Shipping Company) achieved unprecedented control over the operation of the new Peruvian megaport, the impact that...

Re-Asserting the Value of the Individual for Latin America’s Security and Prosperity
Opidata #4: Re-Asserting the Value of the Individual for Latin America’s Security and Prosperity | Dr. R. Evan Ellis
Empowerment of the individual, not the state, is the key to innovation, prosperity, physical and political security for Latin America, as the region engages with an unprecedented array of challenges and new partners.
Oct. 15, 2024 - Empowerment of the individual, not the state, is the key to innovation, prosperity, physical and political security for Latin America, as the region engages with an unprecedented array of challenges and new partners...

Understanding the PRC’s Selective Use of Military Hotlines
Executive Summary: The PRC’s strategic use of and reluctance to establish military hotlines reflect a calculated approach to escalation risk, which can be seen in crises ranging from the accidental bombing of its embassy in Belgrade in 1999 to the present day. There is a recognition that hotlines offer tactical benefits, but they are not viewed as a solution to 

Image source: Xi Jinping met with representatives of the 78th Group Army officers and soldiers, via qstheory from article (https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-prcs-selective-use-of-military-hotlines/)
Oct. 4, 2024 - Executive Summary: The PRC’s strategic use of and reluctance to establish military hotlines reflect a calculated approach to escalation risk, which can be seen in crises ranging from the accidental bombing of its embassy in...

Bolivia and US Dilemmas in Engaging with Problematic Regimes in Latin America
R. Evan Ellis 
Background photo of La Paz, Bolivia skyline from article (https://www.indrastra.com/2024/09/bolivia-and-us-dilemmas-in-engaging.html)
Sept. 12, 2024 - I recently had the opportunity to engage with a senior Bolivian colleague connected with the government of Luis Arce regarding the country’s economic and political difficulties and its relationship with the United...

The Impact of the Political Orientation of Latin America, on the Advance of the People’s Republic of China in the Region
The Impact of the Political Orientation of Latin America, on the Advance of the People’s Republic of China in the Region | R. Evan Ellis
https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/JOTA/journals/Volume-6_Issue-2/23-Ellis_eng.pdf
Background image adapted from COVID map on Freepik (https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/coronavirus-map-concept_7533197.htm)
Aug. 27, 2024 - Latin America is currently undergoing unprecedented political shifts. This phenomenon is characterized by the recent electoral victories of left-ofcenter candidates in Mexico in 2018; Argentina in 2019; Peru, Honduras, and...

Secrecy and Solidarity: PRC Internal Security Partnerships with Socialist States
Jake Rinaldi, Publication: China Brief Volume: 24 Issue: 15, The Jamestown Foundation, Global Research & Analysis
 
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in extensive security cooperation with other single-party socialist states. This includes deploying the People’s Armed Police (PAP) to train paramilitary and police forces in these countries, offering cybersecurity support, and assisting with online information control.
Policymakers and academics in the PRC see their country as the leading single-party socialist state to its junior partners—Vietnam, Cuba, Laos, and North Korea—in a “Community of Common Destiny for Socialist Countries,” helping sustain these states’ regimes and thereby buttressing its own claims to legitimacy.
The PRC promotes the concept of the Community internally, but exercises caution by rarely mentioning it in its general external discourse to avoid international reputational costs. This is in contrast to other multilateral groupings that the PRC spearheads, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS.

Background photo of Dancers celebrate DPRK–China friendship at the Arirang Mass Games by Roman Harak, from Wikimedia (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_Korea_-_China_friendship_(5578914865).jpg)
Aug. 2, 2024 - Publication: China Brief Volume: 24 Issue: 15, The Jamestown Foundation: Global Research & AnalysisThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in extensive security cooperation with other single-party socialist states. This...

What’s Behind South Korea’s New Defectors’ Day Holiday?
What’s Behind South Korea’s New Defectors’ Day Holiday?
The inaugural July commemoration is an inflection point and an opportunity for the Yoon government to advance both domestic and foreign policy priorities.Sheena Chestnut Greitens
Published on July 8, 2024
July 10, 2024 - The inaugural July commemoration is an inflection point and an opportunity for the Yoon government to advance both domestic and foreign policy priorities.On July 14, South Korea will commemorate its inaugural North Korean...

Landpower, Homeland Defense, and Defending Forward in US Indo-Pacific Command
Landpower, Homeland Defense, and Defending Forward in US Indo-Pacific Command

Dr. Michael E. Lynch and MAJ Brennan Deveraux
For Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, Air University 
Background image of from Air University article 

(https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3821200/landpower-homeland-defense-and-defending-forward-in-us-indo-pacific-command/)
July 1, 2024 - Homeland defense does not begin at the water’s edge, at least not on the east and west coasts of the United States. In the twenty-first–century geopolitical environment, the definition of homeland defense must now extend well...

PODCAST: Chinese Strategy and Statecraft: Coercion and Competition in the Indo-Pacific
Chinese Strategy and Statecraft: Coercion and Competition in the Indo-Pacific•
Sheena Chestnut Greitens and Dan Blumenthal 
The National Security Podcast
 
In this episode, Sheena Chestnut Greitens and Dan Blumenthal join David Andrews to discuss the drivers of the China and the United States’ security policies, the role of China in the international order, middle powers, and deterrence.  
https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/chinese-strategy-and-statecraft

Composite images from Unsplash and Flickr (USA flag: https://unsplash.com/photos/flag-of-america-E4hWWoTTtxw, China flag: https://unsplash.com/photos/red-national-flag-jL0tMFYOdBM, Globe: https://www.flickr.com/photos/planetobserver/4770216767)
June 24, 2024 - What are the objectives of China’s foreign and security policies under Xi Jinping?  What is the role of Australia and other middle powers in responding to Chinese actions in the Indo-Pacific?  Are the United States’ China...
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